Nowadays, estimating the ampere consumption and achieve to the optimum condition from the perspective of energy consumption is one of the most important steps to reduce the production costs. In this research it is tried to develop an accurate model for estimating the ampere consumption by using the artificial neural networks (ANN).In the first step, experimental studies were carried out on 7 ca...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques are used for solving the intractable engineering problems. In this study, it is aimed to study the application of artificial bee colony algorithm for predicting the performance of circular diamond saw in sawing of hard rocks. For this purpose, varieties of fourteen types of hard rocks were cut in laboratory using a cutting rig at 5 mm depth of cut, 40 cm/...

In this work a new resistorless sub-bandgap voltage reference topology is presented. It is a self-biased and small area circuit that works in the nano-ampere consumption range, and under 1 V of power supply. The behavior of the circuit is analitically described, a design methodology is proposed and simulation results are presented for a standard 0.18 μm CMOS process. A reference voltage of 463 ...

⎯A novel CMOS atto-ampere current mirror (AACM) is proposed which reaches the minimum yet reported current range of 0.4 aA. Operation of this circuit is based on the source voltage modulation instead of the conventionally used gate voltage modulation which interestingly prevents usage of commonly required voltage shifting in those circuits. The proposed circuit has a simple structure prohibitin...

A novel resistorless bipolar junction transistor (BJT) bias and curvature compensation circuit for ultra-low power CMOS bandgap voltage references (BGR) is introduced. It works in the nano-ampere current consumption range and under 1 V of power supply. The analytical behavior of the circuit is described, and simulation results for a 0.18 μm CMOS standard process are analysed. A junction voltage...

OBJECTIVE To observe the changes of volt-ampere characteristics of Yuan-Primary acupoints in women before, during and after menstruation, and to find out the relationships between Qi-blood in human body and volt-ampere characteristics of acupoints, so as to develop a new method for quantitative analysis on changes of Qi-blood. METHODS A high-sensitive detection system of volt-ampere character...

A highly sensitive volt-ampere characteristics detecting system was applied to measure the volt-ampere curves of nine acupuncture points, LU9, HT7, LI4, PC6, ST36, SP6, KI3, LR3, and SP3, and corresponding nonacupuncture points bilaterally from 42 healthy volunteers. Electric currents intensity was increased from 0 μA to 20 μA and then returned to 0 μA again. The results showed that the volt-am...

Several thousands of million tons of wastes are generated worldwide every year. Of these, organic solid wastes have the potential to partially satisfy the production of chemicals, whilst the environmental impact can be minimized and the sustainability of the processes increased compared to those based on fossil resources. However, these wastes are complex due to their high heterogeneity, and ne...

The photovoltaic (PV) panel with no galvanic isolation system is well known technique in the world which is effective and delivers power with enhanced efficiency. The PV generation presented here is for stand-alone system installed in remote areas when as the resulting power gets connected to electronic load installation instead of being tied to the grid. Though very small, even then transforme...